Friday, January 29, 2010

St. Augustine School of Medical Assistants

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Get More Sleep to Avoid a Cold


It is always great when medical research supports the common sense that grandma knew decades ago. A study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine show that poor sleep increases our susceptibility to the common cold.

The researchers studied men and women ages 21-55 and monitored their sleep duration and efficiency (amount of time in bed actually sleeping) for 14 days. They then quarantined them and gave them nasal drops of rhinovirus (one of the common cold viruses) and monitored if they got a cold.

What did they find in this elegant experiment?

The subjects who slept 7 hours or less were almost 3X as likely to develop a cold than those with 8 hours or more of sleep. They looked at pre-test virus specific antibody titers, demographics, season of the year, body mass, socioeconomic status, health practices and psychological variables. None of those factor played a role in who caught the virus.

It is also interesting that 83% of the subjects were infected (blood tests showed increased viral titers) but only 35.3% showed infection plus cold symptoms. Patients with lower sleep efficiency had more severe cold symptoms.

These results suggest that better, longer sleep helps the body's immune system fight off symptoms of a cold since more patients got infected than got symptoms.

It also points to the fact that we are all probably exposed to viruses all the time, but some people seem to "catch" them more readily. Wash your hands and get more sleep to boost immunity.

Tuesday, January 12, 2010

Medical Relief for Haiti


No One knows what the death count in Haiti is. Whenever they start estimating "fifty to a hundred thousand", you know it is just a guess. But the number is huge. Entire schools, office buildings and hotels collapsed, crushing the people inside. Tens of thousands of people were injured and they are flooding the makeshift medical tents and hospitals in surrounding areas.

I staffed a medical site at Katrina. The problems there were fairly routine because the people had simple injuries and were mainly displaced and in shock. Hospitals were functioning in Baton Rouge and we had access to medication and supplies. That is not the case in Haiti.

The initial wave of victims had crush injuries and compound fractures where the bones were split and sticking out through the skin. Without X-ray equipment or orthopedic pins and bolts the only treatment is a makeshift splint or amputation. Dressings were hastily applied and the medics went on to the next one. There were thousands of patients waiting to be seen. Those early patients now have gangrene in the wounds. Some of the more serious have a condition called rhabdomyolysis where muscle chemicals are released and cause renal failure. Without IV fluids and dialysis, the patient often dies.

I heard from a doctor volunteer this morning that there are now enough medical teams, but the lack of operating rooms and equipment is still critical. University Hospital in Port au Prince has temporary operating rooms going 24 hours a day but they still lack modern anesthesia, imaging and surgical tools. The last time this many amputations were done was during the Civil War. When a leg is crushed and infected, that is all that can be done to save the patient...maybe.

The USN Comfort floating ship hospital has arrived and has capacity for 1000 people. The most serious cases are being shuttled out to the Comfort. The ship has resources and modern equipment that has never been seen in Haiti. A U.S. Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) is now set up in the city and it is also well equipped but there is no way to let other areas know it is up and running.

Think of your own city. You may know what is going on within a few blocks, but without communication how would you know what is available 3 miles away? What if you are homeless and hungry and injured? A coordinated crisis would have medics traveling with the U.N. trucks and transporting the injured. The thousands of volunteers should be deployed in meaningful ways to deliver supplies, triage the sick and transport back and forth.

The problem in Haiti now is not lack of medical volunteers. The problem is coordination. I hope the world can learn from this crisis and do it better next time.